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2 thoughts on “wholesale fair trade jewelry from nepal Political economics issues: The relationship between virtual capital and actual capital?”
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wholesale engravable jewelry blanks Because virtual capital is based on real capital, it is a derivative form of real capital. Therefore, in the qualitative relationship of virtual and real capital, real capital is first sex. Virtual capital is second. Among them, real capital is virtual Capital has a basic and content decisive role, while virtual capital is reaction to the derivative and formality of real capital. The qualitative relationship of virtual and real capital is the primary basic problem facing the general capital of social capital.
has a benign interactive relationship between virtual and real capital. On the one hand, the healthy development of real capital will promote the healthy development of virtual capital. The value proliferation of real capital creation and realization is the basis of the existence and development of virtual capital. The healthier the development and realization of real capital, the more the value of its creation and implementation will be, the more solid the foundation and development of the virtual capital will be. Only healthy development will be guaranteed. On the other hand, the healthy development of virtual capital will also promote the healthy development of real capital. Virtual capital with convenient liquidity is a guideline that promotes the efficient and reasonable allocation of real capital. It guides the flow of real capital to the most valuable proliferation place. The healthier development of virtual capital, the more convenient liquidity can guide the real capital , To promote the healthy development of real capital. For example, in the 1990s, on the one hand, its reality capital successfully realized the strategic transformation with intangible knowledge capital as the core, and the ability of real capital to proliferate greatly enhanced, thereby supporting the healthy development of its virtual capital. On the other hand, the healthy development of virtual capital in the United States, in turn, successfully attracted and guided the flow of real capital to the most valuable proliferation -knowledge -based capital, thereby promoting the strategic transformation of the United States to achieve knowledge capital as the core. In the 1990s, the benign interaction between the United States and real capital promoted the prosperity of the entire socioeconomic and economy.
D vicious interaction between virtual and real capital. On the one hand, the deformed development of real capital hinders the development of virtual capital. The more deformed the development of real capital, the less the value of its creation and implementation, and sometimes it is even negative, so that the basis of the existence and development of virtual capital will become smaller and smaller, and its development will naturally be hindered. On the other hand, the deformed development of virtual capital will hinder the development of real capital. Virtual capital with convenient liquidity is a guide device that leads to the invalid deformity configuration of real capital. It guides the flow of real capital flows that cannot be effective in proliferation but most likely to collect excess profits -super monopoly capital, speculation non -production capital, etc. The more deformed the development of virtual capital, the more convenient liquidity can guide the flow of real capital flows that cannot be effectively proliferated, thereby hindering the development of real capital. For example, in the mid -to -late 1990s, the East Asian economy, on the one hand, its real capital has low knowledge, unreasonable structure, and economically unreasonable scale. The foundation is getting smaller and smaller, which eventually leads to serious hindrance to the development of virtual capital. On the other hand, the deformed development of its virtual capital has caused invalid configuration of real capital, which hinders the development of real capital. In the mid -to -late 1990s, the vicious interaction between the virtual and real capital of the East Asian economy finally led to the East Asian economic crisis.
2. The quantitative relationship between virtual and real capital
Because the virtual and real capital are two different aspects of the same capital, at the initial moment of the generation, they should be equal in terms of quantity. In terms of substantive changes, the specifications of virtual and real capital have their own special development laws in terms of volume. "In other words, they have become commodities, and the prices of these products have unique movements and decisions." ② Because the development speed of virtual capital is far greater than the development speed of real capital, in the proportion of total social capital, the stock and traffic of realistic capital show a relatively decreased trend. When the proportion of the number of virtual and real capital is within a certain range, the normal changes of any of them will cause another normal change. When their quantitative proportion relationship exceeds a certain range, any of the motion of them will cause another catastrophic motion. The problem of virtual and real capital quantification is an important tool for regulating the total social capital. Because primary traditional virtual capital has the characteristics of controllable and operability, people usually use primary traditional virtual capital as a tool variable for regulating total social capital, so the issue of virtual and real capital quantitative relationships into real capital and junior traditional virtual virtual Capital quantitative relationship issues. On the issue of virtual and real capital quantitative relationships, we use simplified total supply and demand analysis to perform specific analysis:
The total supply and demand relationship of real capital is familiar with everyone. The total supply is proportional to the price. Reverse ratio, price elasticity is related to the price elasticity of total supply and total demand. The total supply and demand relationship of virtual capital is very special. It is different from the total supply and demand relationship of real capital. Its total supply and price is positive. The total demand is also proportional to the price. The higher the price, the higher the price. The smaller the elasticity, the greater the price elasticity of its price. In specific practice, the special phenomenon of price declines and more quantitative declines when the price is crazy, the price rising, and the price collapse of the price (Figure 1 right).
In in Figure 1, in order to analyze the convenience, we assume that the virtuality of key points and the number of real capital prices are the same but the unit is different. According to the different quantities and total supply and demand relationships, we will make the virtual and real capital of the capital and real capital. The quantitative relationship is divided into the following four categories:
First, the quantity relationship between the virtual and real capital sunspots. This quantitative relationship is reflected in the AQ1Q1'A 'area, which is characterized by the proportion of virtual and real capital less than the minimum normal critical value 0q1' / 0Q1 (Kuroko Trap). As a result, the entire social capital has shrunk severely and social wealth is extra depreciation. As the phenomenon of sunspots in the celestial bodies, it is called the quantitative relationship between the sunspots. Its formation mechanism is as follows: the development of real capital is seriously blocked -its total demand DD curve quickly moves to the bottom left -its total supply SS curve moves to the bottom right -its value quickly shrinks -its profitability has been greatly reduced until the loss of losses -virtual capital -virtual capital -virtual capital -virtual capital The total demand D' D 线 curve quickly moved to the bottom left -its total supply S'S 'curve also quickly moved towards the bottom left -its value quickly shrinks -the development of virtual capital is seriously blocked -the development of real capital is seriously blocked ... The end result was the rapid shrinkage of the total capital of the entire society, especially virtual capital, to form capital sunspots, and then triggered a sunspots economic or economic crisis. For example, according to the data of Facktbook in July 1999 in IFC, between 1996 and 1997, Thailand's actual GDP (conversion measurement index of real capital) appeared significantly negative growth (-20.6 %). The transformation index of traditional virtual capital) shrinks more (shrinkage -36 % and -88 %, respectively). Obviously, between 1996 and 1997, there was an interactive sunspots quantitative relationship between the virtual and real capital of Southeast Asian countries. This quantitative relationship is a huge retrogression and disaster for the total capital of the entire society, but this situation will not continue for a long time. After the disaster, the expectations of various economic entities tend to stabilize, and the supply and demand of virtual and real capital has begun to increase. The proportion has also begun to rise. When this row breaks through the minimum normal critical value 0q1 ' / 0Q1 (Kuroko trap), the quantity of the quantity of the virtual and real capital becomes a stagnant quantity relationship.
Secondly, the quantitative relationship of virtual and real capital stagnation. This quantitative relationship is reflected in the BQ2Q2'B 'area except AQ1Q1'A', which is characterized by the proportion of virtual and real capital than the minimum normal critical value OQ1 ' / OQ1, but less than the average normal critical value 0q2' / 0Q2 The result of the interaction of the total supply and demand interaction of real capital in this area will cause the entire social capital to rise and fall slowly, so it is called a stagnant quantitative relationship. Its external expression form is economic depression or recovery. Its formation mechanism is as follows: Real Capital's rise and fall stagnation -its DD curve is slow (lower right or above the left) movement -its SS curve also slowly moves accordingly — its value changes accordingly — their profits have slowly changed — D of virtual capital D D相 D 'curve slowly moves accordingly — its S 'S' curve also slowly moves — its value changes accordingly — virtual capital rising and stagnation -real capital rising and stagnation ... The final result is the depression or recovery of the entire socioeconomic economy or recovery Essence For example, between 1993 and 1994, the actual growth rate of Mexican GDP was -2.6 %, and its stock market value actually shrunk by 4.1 % (the source of data is the same as before). Obviously, between 1993 and 1994, there was an interactive stagnation relationship between Mexico's virtual and real capital. This quantitative relationship will not last for a long time. After a period of stagnation, the expectations of each economic entity tend to be optimistic. At 0Q2 / / 0Q2, the quality of the quantity of the virtual and real capital becomes the relationship between the expansion type.
Third, the quantitative relationship between virtual and real capital expansion. This quantitative relationship is reflected in the CQ3C'Q3 'area except BQ2Q2'B', which is characterized by the proportion of virtual and real capital than the average normal critical value 0q2 ' / 0Q2, but less than the maximum normal critical value 0q3' / 0Q3 In this area, the result of the interaction of the total supply and demand interaction of real capital in this area will lead to a moderate expansion of the entire social capital and the rapid proliferation of social wealth. Therefore, it is called an expansion quantitative relationship. On the one hand, the effective expansion of real capital will lead to the corresponding expansion of virtual capital. The effective expansion of real capital will lead to the corresponding increase in value proliferation, and the increase in value proliferation will also lead to people's optimism of the expected return of virtual capital in the future. People's active expectations in the future will directly lead to the corresponding expansion of virtual capital. On the other hand, the effective expansion of virtual capital will in turn lead to the corresponding expansion of real capital. The effective expansion of virtual capital will lead to a positive change in the distribution structure of value proliferation (profit margin structure, exchange rate structure, interest rate structure, and stock price structure, etc., which leads to the increase in the visibility and liquidity of real capital, and then the corresponding expansion of real capital expansion accordingly Essence Its formation mechanism is as follows: the healthy expansion of real capital — its DD curve moves normally to the upper left -its SS curve also moves accordingly — its value is appreciated normally — its profitability improves — the virtual capital D' D 'curve moves accordingly to the upper right - Its S 'S 线 curve also moves accordingly -its value corresponds to normal appreciation -the benign expansion of virtual capital -the benign expansion of real capital ... its end result is the prosperity of the entire socioeconomic and economy. For example, between 1990 and 1996, the actual growth rate of the US GDP was about 2 %, and the actual growth rate of its interest and tax was about 6 %, and the actual growth rate of its stock market value was about 18 %. Obviously, between 1990 and 1996, there was an interactive expansion quantitative relationship between the virtual and real capital of the United States. This quantitative relationship is the most ideal relationship for the overall capital of the entire society, but this situation will not continue for a long time. After a period of expansion, the expectations of various economic entities will become more optimistic, virtual and real capital, and real capital, and real capital. The supply and demand will increase further, and the proportion will also rise further. When this comparison breaks through the maximum normal critical value of 0q3 ' / 0Q3, the quantity of the quantity of the virtual and real capital becomes a foam -type quantity relationship.
Fourth, the relationship between virtual and real capital foam types. This quantitative relationship is reflected in the DQ4Q44'D 'area except CQ3C'Q3', which is characterized by the proportion of virtual and real capital than the maximum normal critical value OQ3 ' / OQ3, but less than the bubble critical critical value 0q4' / OQ4 The result of the interaction of the total supply and demand interaction of real capital in this area will lead to the extraordinary expansion of the entire social capital, and the social wealth is super constant. In the form of expression, the bubble economy. Its formation mechanism is as follows: real capital heterogeneity expansion -its DD curve moves abnormally to the top of the left and becomes horizontal -its SS curve also moves accordingly but becomes vertical -its value is extraordinary — its profitability is improving accordingly -virtual capital — virtual capital The D' D 'curve moves accordingly to the upper right and becomes vertical -its S 'S' curve also moves accordingly and becomes vertical -its value is more frequently increased — virtual capital is extraordinary expansion -real capital is more extraordinary inflation ... its ultimate ultimate expansion ... its ultimate ultimate expansion ... its ultimate ultimate expansion ... its ultimate event As a result, it quickly led to the extraordinary increase in the total capital of the entire society, especially virtual capital, and thus forming capital bubbles, which caused the bubble economy. For example, between 1986 and 1989, the actual growth rate of Japanese GDP was 2.9 %, 4.9 %, 6.0 %, and 4.6 %, respectively. At 2569.27 points in 1989, it rose nearly 100 % ④. Obviously, between 1986 and 1989, there was an interactive foam -type quantitative relationship between the virtual and real capital of Japan. This quantitative relationship is the most intoxicating and most dangerous relationship for the entire society. Economic entities are blindly optimistic, and the demand for virtual and real capital is far greater than its supply. Total capital, especially virtual capital, appreciates crazy appreciation of virtual capital. The proportion also rises crazy, but the good times do not last long. When the proportion of virtual and real capital breaks through the critical value of the bubble crushing OQ4 ' / OQ4, the capital bubble will suddenly be shattered, and the relationship between virtual and real capital will enter the next round of cycle.
3. The regulation of virtual and real capital
Ben according to the previous qualitative and quantitative analysis, we can see that the relationship between different types of virtual and real capital quantity brings a completely different development result. Among them The most ideal quantitative relationship is reflected in the figure in the figure as the ideal area of virtual and real capital operations except the CQ3C'Q3 '', except BQ2Q2'B. A good target area. In different operating areas for virtual and solid capital, regulatory authorities can adopt corresponding control measures to comprehensively regulate control to achieve the required regulatory goals.当虚、实资本运行在AQ1Q1'A'的黑子区域时或运行在除AQ1Q1'A'外的BQ2Q2'B'的停滞区域时,调控当局可采取扩张性财政政策和货币政策,推升虚、 The proportion of real capital, so that it enters the regulatory target area. When the virtual and solid capital runs the expansion area of CQ3C'Q3 'except BQ2Q2'B', the regulation authorities can adopt a balanced fiscal policy and monetary policy to maintain the reasonable proportion of virtual and real capital, so as to keep it regulating control Target area. When the virtual and solid capital runs in the DQ4Q44'D 'bubble area except CQ3C'Q3, the regulatory authorities can adopt a tightening fiscal policy and monetary policy to reduce the proportion of virtual and real capital, so as to enter the regulatory target area.
wholesale jewelry nyc 28th street In terms of quality, virtual capital itself has no value and does not play a role in the production process, but it is just a certificate of capital ownership; but the actual capital itself is valuable and can play a role in actual production.
It aspects:
First, the total virtual capital is always greater than the actual total capital. Virtual capital Zhou Liang is equal to the total market value of various securities, and the total amount of the securities securities is greater than its ticket.
Secondly, changes in virtual capital do not reflect the changes in actual capital. You can take the stock as an example.
Third, the growth rate of virtual capital is increasingly faster than the actual capital growth rate. The decline in interest rates has caused rising price securities prices, and companies wholly or joint venture have been reorganized into joint -stock companies.