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copper jewelry pouches wholesale As the Internet does not develop, consumers' awareness of blockchain technology and digital virtual currencies is also increasing. Today, let's take a look at the structure of the basic operations of blockchain technology. Let's take a look at the specific situation together.
The basic elements that constitute the computing technology are storage, processing and communication. Large hosts, PCs, mobile devices and cloud services all show these elements in their own ways. There are special component blocks within each element to allocate resources.
This focuses on the large framework of the blockchain: Introduce the modules of each computing element in the blockchain and some implementation cases of each module, bias for the introduction instead of detailed explanations.
The composition module of the blockchain
The following is the component block of each calculated element in decentralized technology:
storage: tokens storage, database, file system/blob
n
communication: connecting network of data, value and status
storage
n
as the basic calculation element, storage storage, storage Part contains the following configuration blocks.
token storage. Tokens are the storage medium (such as assets, securities, etc.), and the value can be the copyright of Bitcoin, aviation mileage or digital works. The main role of token storage system is to issue and transmit tokens (there are multiple variants), while preventing events such as multiple payment.
Bitcoin and Zcash are two "pure" systems that only pay attention to the tokens itself. Ethereum began to use tokens to various services to realize its ideals as a global computing center. In these examples, tokens are used to operate the internal incentives of the entire network architecture.
. Some tokens are not internal tools used by the network to promote their own operation, but instead of incentives for higher -level networks, but their tokens are actually stored in the underlying architecture middle. An example is ERC20 token like Golem, running on the Ethereum network layer. Another example is ENVOKE's IP authorized token, running on the IPDB network layer.
database. Databases are specially used to store structured metadata, such as data tables (relational databases), document storage (such as JSON), key value storage, time sequence or database database. The database can use query such as SQL to quickly retrieve data.
The traditional distributed (but centralized) databases such as MongoDB and Cassandra usually store hundreds of TB or even PB -level data, and the performance can be written millions per second.
SQL's query language is very powerful, because it is distinguished from the regulation, so that it will not be bound to a specific application. SQL has been applied to the standard for decades, so the same database system can be used in many different industries.
It to discuss generality outside Bitcoin, it is not necessary to use Turing completeness. You only need one database, so it is simple and convenient to expand. Sometimes Turing is also very useful. We will discuss specific discussions in a section of "decentralization".
is a decentralized database software, which is a specialized document storage system. It is based on MongoDB (or RethinkDB) and inherits the latter's query and expansion logic. However, it also has the characteristics of blockchain, such as decentralized control, tampering and token support. IPDB is a supervised public example.
In the field of blockchain, it can also be said that IoTA is a time series database.
File system/blob data storage. These systems are used to store large files (movies, music, big data sets) in the hierarchical structure of directory and files.
IPFS and TAHOE-LAFS are decentralized file systems, including decentralized or centralized BLOB storage. Filecoin, STORJ, Sia, and Tieron are decentralized BLOB storage systems. The same is true of ancient and outstanding, although the latter uses the P2P system instead of tokens. Ethereum Swarm, DAT, Swarm-JS basically support the above two methods.
data market. This system connects the data owner (such as an enterprise) to the data user (such as AI startups). They are located on the upper levels of the database and file system, but they are still the core architecture, because countless data applications (such as AI) rely on such services. Ocean is an example of protocol and network, which can create a data market based on it. There are also some specific applications of data markets: for the encryption market, Datum is used for private data, and is used for the Internet of Things data flow.
This
In discussion to handle this basic calculation element.
The "smart contract" system usually refers to the system that processs data in formalize [3]. It actually has two subsets with completely different attributes: no state (combined) business logic and status (sequential) business logic. No state and state are huge differences in complexity and verification. The three decentralized processing modules are high -performance calculations (HPC).
A no state (combined) business logic. This is an arbitrary logic and is not retained inside. In terms of electronic engineering terms, it can be understood as a combined digital logic circuit. This logic can be manifested as a true value table, logical schematic diagram, or code with conditional statements (combinations such as IF/THEN, AND, OR, NOT and other judgments). Because they have no state, it is easy to verify large -scale state -free smart contracts, thereby creating large -scale verified security systems. N inputs and an output require O (2^n) calculation to verify.
The cross ledger protocol (ILP) contains the Crypto- (CC) protocol in order to clearly mark the combined circuit. CC is well understood because it has become the Internet standard through IETF, and ILP is widely used in various centers and decentralized payment networks (such as more than 75 banks). CC has many independent version, including, Python, Java, etc. Systems such as Ripple also use CC to support combined business logic/smart contracts.