star of david jewelry wholesale Simple introduction of Yangzhou jade articles

Lila

November 12, 2022 at 1:09 am

jewelry making wholesale india Yangzhou is one of the important places for jade articles in my country. The ancient book "Book Jing Yugong" has a description of "Yangzhou Gongyao". In 1977, in Shugangweigou, Yangzhou, it was found that more than 60 clan public tombs were found in the late Shinshi era. With jade thought. After liberation, more than a hundred Han tombs found and cleaned up in Yangzhou, hundreds of jade articles unearthed from dozens of varieties. In the Tang Dynasty Yangzhou, Jade Jade has developed new development in the prosperity of the handicraft industry. During the Tang Dynasty, the salt and iron history Gao Jian built a "Royal Tower" in Yangzhou, and made hundreds of thousands of pieces of dragons and phoenixes with golden jade, which was decorated. Gao Yan also dedicated tens of thousands of Yangzhou jade jewelry to the court for many years. The folks in the Tang Dynasty gradually opened up their jade articles and jewelry. Yangzhou jade articles in the Song Dynasty have developed towards fandoles. Flowers, birds, furnace bottles and other varieties are increasingly richer, and the level of shape and art is greatly improved. During the Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou Zhuoyu entered the heyday. Nearly 10 Daliyama weighed and 10,000 catties in the Qing Palace was made of Yangzhou. Picture of Yushan, becoming a rare treasure and famous.
The jade craftsmanship in Yangzhou in the Han Dynasty, with the changes in economic and political changes, further developed. After 1949, there were many cultural relics unearthed in Yangzhou. From the unearthed jade articles, we can see that Yangzhou jade articles have developed from small pieces to medium -sized pieces, from general decorative jade bracelets, jade ring to the jade butterfly, jade, and evil spirits. Among the cultural relics unearthed from the Tianshan Tomb No. 1 in the west of Gaoyouhu, a northwest of Yangzhou, there were three pieces of jade and Wang Xi's plan, with different volumes. The large direct meridian is 21.8 cm. The rotation of the front and back sides is carved on both sides. It is shallow jade. The diameter of the jade is 13.4 cm, and the carving pattern is also a rotary. Its carving style is very local. This tomb is the tomb of Liu Yan, the son of Emperor Western Emperor Western Han Dynasty. Liu Yan was once named Guangwang and reigned for 64 years. The excavation of these jade articles fully provided the sculpture and development of Yangzhou jade in the Han Dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty, due to the excavation and navigation of the Thousand Miles Canal, it is located in Yangzhou at the intersection of the canal and the Yangtze River. It became the throat of domestic north -south transportation, and naturally became one of the major ports for foreign trade at that time at that time. Its economic prosperity and prosperous industry are recorded in history. Yangzhou Zhuyu in the Tang Dynasty had new development in the prosperity of the handicraft industry at that time. On the one hand, the nobles are used to show off the door of the decoration building, the so -called "carved jade household" is also. On the other hand, the folk uses small jade wares as a weip supplies. At the same time, Yangzhou jade and jade craftsmanship have also been exchanged one after another. In the twelve years of Tianbao (753), the Daming Temple Gao Nianjian was missionary from the east of Yangzhou, and there were 185 people with jade works, painters, carving sandalwood, and embroidery.

It Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, Yangzhou jade has developed towards display products. Flowers, birds, furnaces and other varieties are rich. The hollow and round sculpture techniques in the jade also began in the Song Dynasty. According to the Qing Dynasty Xie Kun, he had seen the exquisite jade tower produced by Yangzhou in the Song Dynasty in the Kangshan Jiang family of the state. He described in the book "Spring Caotang Collection": "Song system is exquisite jade tower, tower jade is white, it does not matter the rice flaw flaws. Seven inches high. Seven levels, six sides, and face on the surface ... The top of the tower is on the top of the tower ... There are serial small cables, which are the top -level hexagonal cents, which are definitely disordered. The ghost ax is a magical work. "From this vivid depiction, you can see the hollow carving skills and chain production skills of Yangzhou jade. In the Yuan Dynasty, in addition to the furnishings of Yangzhou jade, the artists at that time had begun to apply natural children as materials to make "mountains and carvings".

It now has a mountain -child carving that is collected by the Yangzhou Museum. Essence It can be regarded as the initial work of Yangzhou Shanzijiao. Ming Dynasty. Yangzhou jade began to form an elegant and beautiful style. In the Yangzhou Museum, the middle -term product "Hexagon Lotus Jade Pot" and "The White Jade Cup" in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, etc., are beautiful in shape and fine in work. By the late Ming Dynasty, the "Shanzi Eagle" variety of Yangzhou Jade Wares had been new, and the craftsmanship was very advanced. It was prepared for the large -scale Yushan in Yangzhou to make large -scale Jade Mountain in the difficult techniques.

The Yangzhou Jade Jade Crafts has developed into the middle of the Qing Dynasty. One of the production centers. In addition to the lack of jade bureau in Jianlong Temple, Lianghuai Salt Politaics has planned a large number of large -scale furnishings in the court of the Qing Dynasty, and a large number of jade articles were paid to the court every year in accordance with the age of each year. Such as: the famous Baiyu Ruyi, it is made of Hetian sheep fat, the jade material is white and flawless, and the shape is as delicate and elegant. It is designated as one of the "Yangzhou Eight Gong". The inner court furnishings may be the "royal product" that rewards under the court.

Nowadays, nearly ten large jade articles weighing thousands of pounds and 10,000 pounds of large jade artists in the Qing Palace of the Palace Museum in Beijing are mostly from the hands of Yangzhou's jade artist. This can be seen. The high level of jade art and art in Yangzhou in the Qing Dynasty, the large production scale and operating ability, and the ability to work together is unprecedented. The production of these large jade wares, the solemn, simple, and thick features showed by the instruments and the elegant and beautiful characteristics of the small and small jade articles in Yangzhou have become clear comparisons. The style has a great impact.

In the 1950s, Yangzhou's jade industry began to revive, becoming the main producing area of modern Chinese jade. Regardless of the species of categories or technical strength, it ranks among the top in the same industry in the country, and has won the National Quality Award for the Gold, Silver Cup and Treasure Award for many times. Now, there are 3 masters of Chinese arts and crafts in Yangzhou, 15 master and arts and crafts celebrities in Jiangsu Province, and 72 professional and technical personnel such as senior arts and crafts. For decades, Yangzhou Jade Wells have emerged, and excellent works have emerged endlessly, retaining the round and simple style of traditional jade articles, and they are well known for its elegant and elegant spirit.

The Yangzhou jade articles today have fully inherited and developed traditional excellent skills. The artists have designed and produced a large number of beautiful and exquisite jade articles. The level of art is still rigid, and the products enjoy a high reputation in the international market. Yangzhou jade bottle, figures, flowers, birds, beasts, antique, and mountains are carved. There are complete varieties and many colors. The "White Jade Pagoda Furnace", which was made in the early 1970s, was alarming in the national jade evaluation. In 1981, it was exhibited at the Tokyo and Nagoya counter. It was highly appreciated by people from all walks of life in Japan. In 1986, the "White Jade Five Elements Tower", the main tower is seven -level, 105 cm high, 32 cm wide, and connects the four towers from the Quartet with 8 jade chains and 440 circle chains, forming a group. A rare masterpiece; the "Juping Map" Bishu Mountain, which was carried out in the same year, was 120 cm high, 90 cm wide, and weighing more than 1,000 kg. Yungang Stone Buddha is integrated, forming a deep and secretive Wonderland. During the exhibition, it caused a sensation. The capital of the capital released news and gave a high evaluation. The Hong Kong newspaper said that this Blue Jade Mountain "was the large -scale jade" Dayu Governance Water Picture "made after the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty in China. Seeing jade treasures, it fully reflects the new level of Chinese jade carving skills. " In 1989, the blue jade "Hundred Shou Ruyi" was made of thin tire crafts. In 1990, the Bai Yushan "Map of the Thousand Buddhas" of the "Shanzijiao" craftsmanship was awarded the National Gold Cup. The above 5 jade articles, as a treasure, are now collected in the Treasure Museum of China Arts and Crafts Museum.

For a long time, people have regarded jade as treasures. Jade is crystal, gentle, and meticulous. After being drew into a device, it is smooth and beautiful, with a long -time hiding. It can be used as the treasure of the handed down or heir home. It is a artwork with high economic value. my country has a long history of jade craftsmanship. It has been verified that it has been about six thousand years. As early as the Neolithic era, our ancestors had identified "beautiful stones" from mixed stones and jade in jade.

During the period of the Shang Week, Caoyuji gradually had quite skillful skills. In the production process, it was cut, thought, and thought about it. People knew how to use the pretty color to increase the beauty of the utensils. The use of jade has also gradually expanded. It is carried into a ritual instrument, instrument, instrument and various decorations. It is worshiped on the temple or worn on the body. From time to time, it is also used as a token. In our slavery society, jade has become a sign of the noble status of the king and nobles. As a symbol of power and a symbol of wealth, it has formed the atmosphere of "gentleman must admire jade". The feudal society is particularly strong. Qin Shihuang unified the six kingdoms, and cut the largest jade materials at that time into six pieces of seal, named Jade Seal. Since then, the feudal dynasties have used jade seals in the past, as one of the symbols of the highest power of the country. At the same time, the ancients also regarded jade articles as a symbol of noble, pure, kindness and auspiciousness.

The ancient book cloud: "A gentleman is more than virtue to jade, gentle and moist, benevolent; meticulous, knows; Those, Dao also. "From ancient times to the present, many beautiful languages in literary works are often tied with Yulian, which is not accidental. Chinese jade, known for its superb technology and beautiful shapes, is known as "the most oriental art". As the product of material civilization and spiritual civilization, it has been brought to the world for thousands of years. Yangzhou, a famous city of cultural history, is one of the important places for jade articles in my country. In the summer of the Xia Dynasty, there was a jade manufacturing process.

[Types of jade]

Theyu

distributed in Xinjiang Shar car — Tashkurgan, Hetian — Yuyu, and Mochi County stretching The northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains of 1500 kilometers has a total of nine origin. Hetian jade's mineral composition is mainly through the flaspite -Yang Qi stone, and contains trace -transparent glitter, snake patterns, graphite, magnets and other minerals, forming different colors such as white, green, black and yellow. Most of them are monochrome jade, and a few have mixed colors. The jade is translucent, and it is luster after polishing, and the hardness is 5.5 degrees to 6.4 degrees. The Hetian jade clip was born in a mountain rock at an altitude of 3500 meters to 5000 meters. After long -term differentiation, it was dispelled into a piece of pieces of different sizes. When the river is dried up in the autumn, the jade block collected in the riverbed is called seed jade, and the mountain material mining in the rock formation. The earliest jade in the era of Hetian jade that has been discovered is from the tomb of Yinxu women. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Hetian Yu gradually became the main jade talent, all of which were collected materials. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Dayu governed the water and Yushan, and the jade was only 10,000 or seven hundred pounds, which was taken from Mount Milta.

Huang He Tianyu

The economic value assessment of Hetian jade is the pure color and texture, and its main varieties are:

① white jade: including includes Flash stones are more than 95%. The color is white, pure, delicate, and moist, and it is an excellent variety in Hetian jade. In the Han Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty, the prosperity of several jade -making in the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to the selection of materials. High -quality white jade was often carved into a "heavy weapon".

②epan fat and white jade: The top grade in the white jade, pure and delicate in the texture, contains 99%of the flash stones. In the Han Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, and the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, they both admired the white jade of sheep fat.

③ Qingtian Jade: The texture is significantly different from the white jade. Only the jade color of jade color and white is a faint green green, which is the third -level jade material in Hetian jade.

④: light green, green and green, gray white all call it green, clear color, delicate texture, 89%of flashing stones, 6%of the sun stones are oil -like luster, rich in reserves, which are the past systems. The main varieties of jade collection or mining.

⑤ Yellow jade: The system is white jade, and the yellow tone formed in the gap due to long -term oxygen oxide filtering in the surface water for a long time. Based on color change, it is named: dense wax yellow, maroon yellow, okra yellow, yellow flower yellow, egg yolk, etc. The dense waxy yellow and maroon yellow pole with strong chroma is rare, and its value can reach sheep fat white jade. In the Qing Dynasty, because Huang Yu and the "emperor" were very scarce, the economic value exceeded the white jade of sheep fat.

⑥ Sugar jade: Iron oxide penetrates into the flash of flash or dark shades, dark red is called "sugar jade", "tiger skin jade", white slightly pink is called "pink jade jade "". Sugar jade is often called two -colored jade materials in white jade or ingenu. Casting with sugar and jade leather seeds is made into a snuff bottle, which is called "gold and silver wrap". ⑦ Mo Yu: The graphite and magnet components in the flashing stone are black, and the ink jade is mostly gray or gray ink color jade. . Black spots are densely densely called pure paint ink, which is worthy of the use of other ink jade varieties. Mo Yu is wax -like luster, and its color is not appropriate to be carved with ornaments. n 碧 Jasper: It is produced in Junggar Jade Mine, also known as Tianshan Blue Jade. It is gray green, dark green, dark green, with pure dark green color as the top product. , Jasper contains more than 85%of the flash stones, with delicate texture, translucent, and grease, which is a mid -range jade.

Dushan jade

Dushan, also known as "Nanyang Jade" or "Henan Jade", is also referred to as "Dugu".

. As early as 6000 years ago, the ancients had mined Dushan Jade, and the woman in Yinxu, Anyang Among the jade articles unearthed from the tomb, there are many Dushan jade products. In the Western Han Dynasty, Dushan was called "Yushan".

"It is a blue jade material. It is a variety of jade varieties that are particularly favorite in the southwestern United States and Muslims in the world. The turquoise symbolizes victory and success. The crystals are very small, wax -like luster, opaque. Most of them are blue, dark blue, green, green, green and green, and the color is uniform. The turquoise is mainly used to make works, earrings, chest pendants, or carved Buddha statues, fairy, landscapes, flowers, etc. In addition to jade, there are many types of jade materials in China, but most of them belong to medium and low -grade jade materials.

agate

The words of agate originated from the Buddhist scriptures, because of their colorful colors " It is named after color as agate. Our agate has a wide distribution of agate. Almost all provinces and regions are in all provinces and regions. The main producing areas are Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Hubei, Xinjiang, and Jiangsu. The name of the United States.

The pure agate is white, because it often contains pigment ions or other impurities, and it is red, gray, brown, blue, green and other colors, which are more common in red and white. The glorious is dazzling, and the color ring belt is extremely beautiful. Agate generally has a ring strip. If there is no ring pattern, it is called chalcedony, and the gear is lower than agate.

, Mainly there are several types:

) 缟 Agate: There are very thin straight lines and tattoos, red 缟 agate is the most precious variety.

b) Water Balcony agate: Naturally -produced agate, hollow and "water bile" is called "water bile agate". It is a precious jade material.

c) Fire agate: in the ring with The flashed luster of the flashes, so it is called "fire agate".

d) East Red Agate: Red agate made in Japan.

) green chalcedony: the color is pink and green, without a loop strip.

f) Red chalcedony: color is red, no loop strip.

g) Bishi: The color is red, yellow brown, gray -green and other colors. It is a chalcedony with impure components.

Mihua jade

Puned in Ruyang County, Henan, also known as "Ruzhou Yu". After grinding, it presents a beautiful plum pattern or other patterns, hence the name. The jade is dense, the background color is black, brown red, and gray -green. It is better to use black background. Essence

Qinghai jade

produced in Qinghai, hence the name. The appearance is beautiful, and the color is white or light gray bottom with green markings. The jade is more delicate and transparent. Because its appearance is similar to the jadeite, some illegal merchants use it to pretend to be emerald jade.

D greening stone

is a sodium and calcium aluminum silicate mineral. The color is dark blue, sky blue or purple blue, the jade is opaque, with glass luster, and the hardness is 5-6. Due to the solemn color of the green stone, it is often made into a Buddha statue, Buddha beads, snuff bottle, bottle care, and jewelry on the clock shell. The green stones are the top grade with fresh blue, pure quality and a small amount of pyrite Venus.

Frhogest

Frhhhhhhhhhhh also is also known as "Rose quartz", "Rose quartz", and "Xiangnan Yu". Body, with glass luster or oil luster, hardness is 7. China's hibiscus stones are produced in Xinjiang, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia and other places, and high -quality hibiscus stones are produced in Brazil. Furong Stone is mainly used for carving necklaces, chicken hearts, and small ornaments. The color of the hibiscus is better. The deeper the peach red, the better, the value of the nearly white peach red is very low.

Mlay jade

Puned in Malaysia. It is a quartz rock dyed with green dyes with glass luster and hardness 7. The appearance is green and the transparency is high. Malaysia is rich in raw materials and low value, and is suitable for making some low -end accessories.

Dongling Stone

In in India, it is a green -containing chromium cloud -based lone Yingyan, which is slightly transparent -translucent. The green scales scattered like stars in jade are very beautiful. The high -quality varieties in quartz rock jade are mainly used to make beaded necklaces and other accessories.

The dense jade

In it in Mi County, Henan Province, hence the name. Also known as Henan jade. Transparent, white color -light green, mostly made of jade material through dyeing, mainly apple green and orange -red. It is better to make jewelry or ornaments, which are low -grade jade.

Guicui

produced in Guizhou, hence the name. Also known as Guizhou jade. The color is pale green, with glass luster, but not pure, impurities, like inferior emeralds, which are low -grade jade materials.

Jingbai Jade

Puned in the suburbs of Beijing, hence the name. The texture is delicate, pure white, light and oily, and the jade carving products made by it are crystal clear, which is a popular jade species.

because of its appearance like wood, hence the name. Jade is dense. Hardness 7. There are yellow, yellow -brown, brown purple, blue, blue -green, blue and gray, etc. Among them, yellow and cat eye effects are called eagle eyes, and brown and blue are called zebra tiger eyes. Essence High -quality eagle eye stones, blue beauty, mainly used to make bracelets, ring noodles, etc. Tiger eyes with cat eye effects are mainly used to make bracelet beads and necklace beads. There are also egg -shaped noodles made of large -grained raw materials, but because of cat eye rigid, the value is not high.

It Lantian Jade

Puned in Lantian, hence the name. Lantian jade was one of the main famous jade in ancient times. Lantian jade has a delicate texture, with a hardness of about 4, and the processing performance is good. The main colors are beige and apple green. It is used to make jade pillows, fitness balls, tea wine utensils, etc. It is a popular low -grade jade material.

Lingyu jade

Puk in Lingyu County, Anhui, hence the name. It is one of the traditional jade in Chinese history. There are many varieties. The hardness is 3-4, and the hardness is low. After the processing is brightened, it is smooth, suitable for making crafts such as flowers, characters and animals.

The white cloud jade

Puned in Baiyun Ebo, Inner Mongolia, hence the name; also known as Baiyun Epoyu; The texture is delicate and the processing performance is good. The high -quality Baiyunyu flashes the gorgeous "golden thread" or "Venus" effect in the gray -green inside, which is suitable for the production of artifacts such as puppets and pen frames and other crafts.

Puned in Hefeng County, Hubei Province, also known as "Guanshi". The texture is delicate, the pattern is beautiful after processing, the pattern is clear, there are round, conical, long strips, etc., the color is green, milk white, and red red, etc. It is made into crafts and has high artistic value.

The malachite

This is the name of the emerald green of the peacock tail. Glass luster and slightly transparent. It is a low -grade jade material, and its quality is superior. However, there are also very bright colors and peculiar structures.

Wu Lancui

Puk in Wulan County, Qinghai, because of its green green, hence the name. The color is green, dark green, and emerald green. Ulancui with thick green and green spots with white background is high. Hardness is 6-7, with oil luster, slightly translucent. It is often used for processing into jade bracelets, ring noodles, jade cabbage and other small accessories. Due to poor luster and poor processing performance, it belongs to low -end jade materials.

[category of jade]

Ritual jade

Ritual jade was a jade used in religious sacrifice and national ceremony in ancient times. According to "Zhou Li", Li Yu has six types: 、, 琮, Gui, 璋, 璜, and Hu.

① Jade

The jade is a flat -rounded jade in the center. When the ancients were sacrificed, they believed that this kind of utensils could communicate with the ancestors. In addition to sacrifice, it can also be used for decoration, auspiciousness, and burial. Yuyu appeared in the Neolithic era, represented by Liangzhu culture. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were quite exquisite. The jade carving of the Han Dynasty became more and more fine, and jade funerals were often unearthed in the Han tomb.

② Jade

The jade jade is a cylindrical tube -shaped jade inner circle. The square and the heavens in the square are from the ancient universe view of the Tianyuan place. It is made into the god of the earth to worship the earth god. In addition, it is also used for auspiciousness and burial. Jade 器 appeared in the Neolithic era. It was the most developed in Liangzhu culture. Some of them also engraved with animal cotton ornaments. After the Han Dynasty, the jade jade was short -column -shaped in the inner circle, without decoration, and the use has become decorative and funeral utensils. Song to Ming and Qing dynasties, a large number of antique jade jade appeared, and became a decoration or furnishing jade.

③ Yu Gui

Yugui is a triangle or flat, as a rectangular jade. In ancient times, Yu Gui was used to sacrifice the position of the position, and it was also used to distinguish the functions of levels and symbols. During the Warring States Period, Yu Gui and Yuzhang were the most popular, and then they were produced from Song Zhi to Ming and Qing Dynasties.

④ Yuzhang

It jade is a flat -looking square utensil, one end diagonal blade, half -sized at the side. Yuzhang began to see Longshan culture and prevailed in Shang and Zhou dynasties. Like Gui, it was aware of the level of Li Chao, and it became rare after the spring and autumn.

⑤ jade

It jade is a kind of arc -shaped jade. The Han system is called "half jade jade", but the commonly unearthed jade mule is only one -third of the size, and there are small holes at both ends of the curved arc. It is often used by the tomb owner and may be used for wearing. "The name.

⑥ jade alms

jade is a jade carved with tiger or tiger pattern.

The burial jade

The jade is a jade ware specially dedicated to burial. Buried jade refers to the burial jade articles specifically made to protect the corpse, mainly in jade, jade, jade, and Jiuqiao Jade.

① Jade

It jade clothing is also called "jade box" and "jade", that is, the corpse cover made of jade slices with metal wire, legend Save the corpse is not rotten, it can be divided into golden jade clothing, silver jade clothing, and copper jade clothing.

② Jade

The jade 琀 is also called "Yu Yu", which is a funeral jade contained in the dead. There are different forms of jade crickets. Shang Zhou Yuyu has jade cicada, jade silkworm, jade fish, jade tube, etc. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, jade pigs, jade dogs, jade cattle, jade fish, etc. Most can be used as a mouth. After the Han Dynasty, a large number of jade cicadas was used as a cricket. In the early Ming Dynasty, it was seen that there were small puppets filled with small crickets.

③ jade grip

, also known as "holding jade", which is the burial jade held in the hands of the deceased. The common jade grip in the Han Dynasty is a pig -shaped, that is, the "yuku", and other jade -shaped jade wares are sometimes used for jade grip.

④ Jiuqiao jade plug

refers to the nine -chip jade plug of the deceased, including both ears, double eyes, double nostrils, one mouth, front yin, posterior yin, etc. The purpose of the purpose, the purpose It is to protect the corpse to prevent exquisite qi.

Peiyu refers to the various jade wares worn on the body. It is characterized by small individuals and most of the pores that can be worn. There are many types of Pei Jade, such as jade, jade bracelets, jade gangsters, jade cards, jade band hooks, etc. Some of them are wearing them, and some hang them separately.

jade

is the human earrings, which looks like Xiaoyuya, but there is a lack of mouth. In the Neolithic Age, the jade puppets are multi -photogen without patterns. More, the shape is small, and the outer diameter is between 2-5 cm. After the Warring States Period, Yuyu is no longer popular.

jade bracelets

jade bracelets have been one of the most basic wrist ornaments since ancient times. The square is round, and the jade bracelet was flat and round in the spring and autumn. The Tang Dynasty had gold jade bracelets. Lianzhu pattern, rope pattern, bamboo pattern, etc.

jade

is a micro -tune cone, initially it is carried with you. The tools used to solve the tool later became a jewelry, indicating the symbol of adults. From the Shinshi era to the Han Dynasty, it has endlessly, but it has no longer seen after the Han Dynasty.

jade

jade vulgar is called "pull finger", cylindrical, can be covered with thumb, the utensils of hook string at the beginning of the archery, and then specially wearing. In the early days, it was seen in the Shang Dynasty, and gradually became a jewelry in the Han Dynasty, and lost a practical function. In the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the shape of the man in the Qing Dynasty was slightly different, and the decoration was very different.

Yugang

, also known as Yu Yanyu, cubes, there are holes in the middle, wearing ropes, wearing auspicious sentences, to drive away evil spirits, it is ancient amulet. The Han Dynasty was popular, generally about 2 cm long and about 1 cm wide. Later generations had imitation, but the style of the Han Dynasty was very different.

The jade belt board

The jade belt is a belt with several or even ten flat jade board inlaid, which is a sign of ancient official taste. The jade belt is square, rectangular, peach -shaped, etc. The jade belts that are often carved on the surface are seen in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. They have been used to the Ming Dynasty and abolished the jade belt system in the Qing Dynasty.

jade card

is square or rectangular, shallow relief or hollowed out of various patterns and texts, with holes to wear ropes. The jade cards were very popular in the Ming Dynasty. There were many imitation works in the Qing Dynasty, and there were also false works of "Zigang".

jade band hooks

jade band hooks are utensils used to hook the belt. Generally consisting of three parts: hook head, hook body, and hook button. The hook button plays a fixed effect. There are many shapes, including dragon heads, duck heads, horses, etc., and the body has pipa -shaped, 螭 shape, etc. The luxurious people are inlaid with various gems, and they have boutique in the past.

Yulong

The image of Yulong has evolved over the times. The Yulong of the Shinki Age Hongshan Culture, the body is "C" shape, concise and beautiful, very distinctive. Since then, Yulong has appeared colorful. It has its own distinctive characteristics.

Jade animals

The jade animals are used in real animals in nature. Both round sculptures or sheets are available. Jade animals are generally used as a weip, and some can be used as furnishings. Jade animals are mainly jade tigers, jade elephants, jade bears, jade horses, jade deer, jade cattle, jade pigs, jade eagles, jade fish, jade turtles, etc. The most common jade in the past.

Itie people

The jade people are a work that directly reflects the image of human beings. In addition to Pei, large -scale can be used as furnishings, which has the functions of sacrifice and evil spirits. In the Neolithic era, the jade man has appeared with obvious naiveity. After the Shang Dynasty, the image of the jade people was diverse. Each era has different image characteristics.

The jade sword decoration

It jade sword decorations are used for the decorative jade parts on the sword. The jade sword grid is between. The jade sword prevailed in the Spring and Autumn Period to the Qin and Han dynasties.

The jade crickets are generally cone -shaped, consisting of two parts: 簪 head and handle. In ancient men and women used it to sort the hair and make the crown on the hair.

It other jade

The in addition to the ceremonial jade articles that are pre -Qin, such as jade ax, jade, jade, jade, jade knife, etc. Increase authority and maintain the dignity of the ruler. There are also practical jade articles, such as jade cups, jade bowls, jade seals, jade articles, etc.

1 thought on “star of david jewelry wholesale Simple introduction of Yangzhou jade articles”

Lila
November 12, 2022 at 1:09 am

jewelry making wholesale india Yangzhou is one of the important places for jade articles in my country. The ancient book "Book Jing Yugong" has a description of "Yangzhou Gongyao". In 1977, in Shugangweigou, Yangzhou, it was found that more than 60 clan public tombs were found in the late Shinshi era. With jade thought. After liberation, more than a hundred Han tombs found and cleaned up in Yangzhou, hundreds of jade articles unearthed from dozens of varieties. In the Tang Dynasty Yangzhou, Jade Jade has developed new development in the prosperity of the handicraft industry. During the Tang Dynasty, the salt and iron history Gao Jian built a "Royal Tower" in Yangzhou, and made hundreds of thousands of pieces of dragons and phoenixes with golden jade, which was decorated. Gao Yan also dedicated tens of thousands of Yangzhou jade jewelry to the court for many years. The folks in the Tang Dynasty gradually opened up their jade articles and jewelry. Yangzhou jade articles in the Song Dynasty have developed towards fandoles. Flowers, birds, furnace bottles and other varieties are increasingly richer, and the level of shape and art is greatly improved. During the Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou Zhuoyu entered the heyday. Nearly 10 Daliyama weighed and 10,000 catties in the Qing Palace was made of Yangzhou. Picture of Yushan, becoming a rare treasure and famous.
The jade craftsmanship in Yangzhou in the Han Dynasty, with the changes in economic and political changes, further developed. After 1949, there were many cultural relics unearthed in Yangzhou. From the unearthed jade articles, we can see that Yangzhou jade articles have developed from small pieces to medium -sized pieces, from general decorative jade bracelets, jade ring to the jade butterfly, jade, and evil spirits. Among the cultural relics unearthed from the Tianshan Tomb No. 1 in the west of Gaoyouhu, a northwest of Yangzhou, there were three pieces of jade and Wang Xi's plan, with different volumes. The large direct meridian is 21.8 cm. The rotation of the front and back sides is carved on both sides. It is shallow jade. The diameter of the jade is 13.4 cm, and the carving pattern is also a rotary. Its carving style is very local. This tomb is the tomb of Liu Yan, the son of Emperor Western Emperor Western Han Dynasty. Liu Yan was once named Guangwang and reigned for 64 years. The excavation of these jade articles fully provided the sculpture and development of Yangzhou jade in the Han Dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty, due to the excavation and navigation of the Thousand Miles Canal, it is located in Yangzhou at the intersection of the canal and the Yangtze River. It became the throat of domestic north -south transportation, and naturally became one of the major ports for foreign trade at that time at that time. Its economic prosperity and prosperous industry are recorded in history. Yangzhou Zhuyu in the Tang Dynasty had new development in the prosperity of the handicraft industry at that time. On the one hand, the nobles are used to show off the door of the decoration building, the so -called "carved jade household" is also. On the other hand, the folk uses small jade wares as a weip supplies. At the same time, Yangzhou jade and jade craftsmanship have also been exchanged one after another. In the twelve years of Tianbao (753), the Daming Temple Gao Nianjian was missionary from the east of Yangzhou, and there were 185 people with jade works, painters, carving sandalwood, and embroidery.

It Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, Yangzhou jade has developed towards display products. Flowers, birds, furnaces and other varieties are rich. The hollow and round sculpture techniques in the jade also began in the Song Dynasty. According to the Qing Dynasty Xie Kun, he had seen the exquisite jade tower produced by Yangzhou in the Song Dynasty in the Kangshan Jiang family of the state. He described in the book "Spring Caotang Collection": "Song system is exquisite jade tower, tower jade is white, it does not matter the rice flaw flaws. Seven inches high. Seven levels, six sides, and face on the surface ... The top of the tower is on the top of the tower ... There are serial small cables, which are the top -level hexagonal cents, which are definitely disordered. The ghost ax is a magical work. "From this vivid depiction, you can see the hollow carving skills and chain production skills of Yangzhou jade. In the Yuan Dynasty, in addition to the furnishings of Yangzhou jade, the artists at that time had begun to apply natural children as materials to make "mountains and carvings".

It now has a mountain -child carving that is collected by the Yangzhou Museum. Essence It can be regarded as the initial work of Yangzhou Shanzijiao. Ming Dynasty. Yangzhou jade began to form an elegant and beautiful style. In the Yangzhou Museum, the middle -term product "Hexagon Lotus Jade Pot" and "The White Jade Cup" in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, etc., are beautiful in shape and fine in work. By the late Ming Dynasty, the "Shanzi Eagle" variety of Yangzhou Jade Wares had been new, and the craftsmanship was very advanced. It was prepared for the large -scale Yushan in Yangzhou to make large -scale Jade Mountain in the difficult techniques.

The Yangzhou Jade Jade Crafts has developed into the middle of the Qing Dynasty. One of the production centers. In addition to the lack of jade bureau in Jianlong Temple, Lianghuai Salt Politaics has planned a large number of large -scale furnishings in the court of the Qing Dynasty, and a large number of jade articles were paid to the court every year in accordance with the age of each year. Such as: the famous Baiyu Ruyi, it is made of Hetian sheep fat, the jade material is white and flawless, and the shape is as delicate and elegant. It is designated as one of the "Yangzhou Eight Gong". The inner court furnishings may be the "royal product" that rewards under the court.

Nowadays, nearly ten large jade articles weighing thousands of pounds and 10,000 pounds of large jade artists in the Qing Palace of the Palace Museum in Beijing are mostly from the hands of Yangzhou's jade artist. This can be seen. The high level of jade art and art in Yangzhou in the Qing Dynasty, the large production scale and operating ability, and the ability to work together is unprecedented. The production of these large jade wares, the solemn, simple, and thick features showed by the instruments and the elegant and beautiful characteristics of the small and small jade articles in Yangzhou have become clear comparisons. The style has a great impact.

In the 1950s, Yangzhou's jade industry began to revive, becoming the main producing area of modern Chinese jade. Regardless of the species of categories or technical strength, it ranks among the top in the same industry in the country, and has won the National Quality Award for the Gold, Silver Cup and Treasure Award for many times. Now, there are 3 masters of Chinese arts and crafts in Yangzhou, 15 master and arts and crafts celebrities in Jiangsu Province, and 72 professional and technical personnel such as senior arts and crafts. For decades, Yangzhou Jade Wells have emerged, and excellent works have emerged endlessly, retaining the round and simple style of traditional jade articles, and they are well known for its elegant and elegant spirit.

The Yangzhou jade articles today have fully inherited and developed traditional excellent skills. The artists have designed and produced a large number of beautiful and exquisite jade articles. The level of art is still rigid, and the products enjoy a high reputation in the international market. Yangzhou jade bottle, figures, flowers, birds, beasts, antique, and mountains are carved. There are complete varieties and many colors. The "White Jade Pagoda Furnace", which was made in the early 1970s, was alarming in the national jade evaluation. In 1981, it was exhibited at the Tokyo and Nagoya counter. It was highly appreciated by people from all walks of life in Japan. In 1986, the "White Jade Five Elements Tower", the main tower is seven -level, 105 cm high, 32 cm wide, and connects the four towers from the Quartet with 8 jade chains and 440 circle chains, forming a group. A rare masterpiece; the "Juping Map" Bishu Mountain, which was carried out in the same year, was 120 cm high, 90 cm wide, and weighing more than 1,000 kg. Yungang Stone Buddha is integrated, forming a deep and secretive Wonderland. During the exhibition, it caused a sensation. The capital of the capital released news and gave a high evaluation. The Hong Kong newspaper said that this Blue Jade Mountain "was the large -scale jade" Dayu Governance Water Picture "made after the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty in China. Seeing jade treasures, it fully reflects the new level of Chinese jade carving skills. " In 1989, the blue jade "Hundred Shou Ruyi" was made of thin tire crafts. In 1990, the Bai Yushan "Map of the Thousand Buddhas" of the "Shanzijiao" craftsmanship was awarded the National Gold Cup. The above 5 jade articles, as a treasure, are now collected in the Treasure Museum of China Arts and Crafts Museum.

For a long time, people have regarded jade as treasures. Jade is crystal, gentle, and meticulous. After being drew into a device, it is smooth and beautiful, with a long -time hiding. It can be used as the treasure of the handed down or heir home. It is a artwork with high economic value. my country has a long history of jade craftsmanship. It has been verified that it has been about six thousand years. As early as the Neolithic era, our ancestors had identified "beautiful stones" from mixed stones and jade in jade.

During the period of the Shang Week, Caoyuji gradually had quite skillful skills. In the production process, it was cut, thought, and thought about it. People knew how to use the pretty color to increase the beauty of the utensils. The use of jade has also gradually expanded. It is carried into a ritual instrument, instrument, instrument and various decorations. It is worshiped on the temple or worn on the body. From time to time, it is also used as a token. In our slavery society, jade has become a sign of the noble status of the king and nobles. As a symbol of power and a symbol of wealth, it has formed the atmosphere of "gentleman must admire jade". The feudal society is particularly strong. Qin Shihuang unified the six kingdoms, and cut the largest jade materials at that time into six pieces of seal, named Jade Seal. Since then, the feudal dynasties have used jade seals in the past, as one of the symbols of the highest power of the country. At the same time, the ancients also regarded jade articles as a symbol of noble, pure, kindness and auspiciousness.

The ancient book cloud: "A gentleman is more than virtue to jade, gentle and moist, benevolent; meticulous, knows; Those, Dao also. "From ancient times to the present, many beautiful languages in literary works are often tied with Yulian, which is not accidental. Chinese jade, known for its superb technology and beautiful shapes, is known as "the most oriental art". As the product of material civilization and spiritual civilization, it has been brought to the world for thousands of years. Yangzhou, a famous city of cultural history, is one of the important places for jade articles in my country. In the summer of the Xia Dynasty, there was a jade manufacturing process.

[Types of jade]

Theyu

distributed in Xinjiang Shar car — Tashkurgan, Hetian — Yuyu, and Mochi County stretching The northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains of 1500 kilometers has a total of nine origin. Hetian jade's mineral composition is mainly through the flaspite -Yang Qi stone, and contains trace -transparent glitter, snake patterns, graphite, magnets and other minerals, forming different colors such as white, green, black and yellow. Most of them are monochrome jade, and a few have mixed colors. The jade is translucent, and it is luster after polishing, and the hardness is 5.5 degrees to 6.4 degrees. The Hetian jade clip was born in a mountain rock at an altitude of 3500 meters to 5000 meters. After long -term differentiation, it was dispelled into a piece of pieces of different sizes. When the river is dried up in the autumn, the jade block collected in the riverbed is called seed jade, and the mountain material mining in the rock formation. The earliest jade in the era of Hetian jade that has been discovered is from the tomb of Yinxu women. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Hetian Yu gradually became the main jade talent, all of which were collected materials. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Dayu governed the water and Yushan, and the jade was only 10,000 or seven hundred pounds, which was taken from Mount Milta.

Huang He Tianyu

The economic value assessment of Hetian jade is the pure color and texture, and its main varieties are:

① white jade: including includes Flash stones are more than 95%. The color is white, pure, delicate, and moist, and it is an excellent variety in Hetian jade. In the Han Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty, the prosperity of several jade -making in the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to the selection of materials. High -quality white jade was often carved into a "heavy weapon".

②epan fat and white jade: The top grade in the white jade, pure and delicate in the texture, contains 99%of the flash stones. In the Han Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, and the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, they both admired the white jade of sheep fat.

③ Qingtian Jade: The texture is significantly different from the white jade. Only the jade color of jade color and white is a faint green green, which is the third -level jade material in Hetian jade.

④: light green, green and green, gray white all call it green, clear color, delicate texture, 89%of flashing stones, 6%of the sun stones are oil -like luster, rich in reserves, which are the past systems. The main varieties of jade collection or mining.

⑤ Yellow jade: The system is white jade, and the yellow tone formed in the gap due to long -term oxygen oxide filtering in the surface water for a long time. Based on color change, it is named: dense wax yellow, maroon yellow, okra yellow, yellow flower yellow, egg yolk, etc. The dense waxy yellow and maroon yellow pole with strong chroma is rare, and its value can reach sheep fat white jade. In the Qing Dynasty, because Huang Yu and the "emperor" were very scarce, the economic value exceeded the white jade of sheep fat.

⑥ Sugar jade: Iron oxide penetrates into the flash of flash or dark shades, dark red is called "sugar jade", "tiger skin jade", white slightly pink is called "pink jade jade "". Sugar jade is often called two -colored jade materials in white jade or ingenu. Casting with sugar and jade leather seeds is made into a snuff bottle, which is called "gold and silver wrap". ⑦ Mo Yu: The graphite and magnet components in the flashing stone are black, and the ink jade is mostly gray or gray ink color jade. . Black spots are densely densely called pure paint ink, which is worthy of the use of other ink jade varieties. Mo Yu is wax -like luster, and its color is not appropriate to be carved with ornaments. n 碧 Jasper: It is produced in Junggar Jade Mine, also known as Tianshan Blue Jade. It is gray green, dark green, dark green, with pure dark green color as the top product. , Jasper contains more than 85%of the flash stones, with delicate texture, translucent, and grease, which is a mid -range jade.

Dushan jade

Dushan, also known as "Nanyang Jade" or "Henan Jade", is also referred to as "Dugu".

. As early as 6000 years ago, the ancients had mined Dushan Jade, and the woman in Yinxu, Anyang Among the jade articles unearthed from the tomb, there are many Dushan jade products. In the Western Han Dynasty, Dushan was called "Yushan".

"It is a blue jade material. It is a variety of jade varieties that are particularly favorite in the southwestern United States and Muslims in the world. The turquoise symbolizes victory and success. The crystals are very small, wax -like luster, opaque. Most of them are blue, dark blue, green, green, green and green, and the color is uniform. The turquoise is mainly used to make works, earrings, chest pendants, or carved Buddha statues, fairy, landscapes, flowers, etc. In addition to jade, there are many types of jade materials in China, but most of them belong to medium and low -grade jade materials.

agate

The words of agate originated from the Buddhist scriptures, because of their colorful colors " It is named after color as agate. Our agate has a wide distribution of agate. Almost all provinces and regions are in all provinces and regions. The main producing areas are Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Hubei, Xinjiang, and Jiangsu. The name of the United States.

The pure agate is white, because it often contains pigment ions or other impurities, and it is red, gray, brown, blue, green and other colors, which are more common in red and white. The glorious is dazzling, and the color ring belt is extremely beautiful. Agate generally has a ring strip. If there is no ring pattern, it is called chalcedony, and the gear is lower than agate.

, Mainly there are several types:

) 缟 Agate: There are very thin straight lines and tattoos, red 缟 agate is the most precious variety.

b) Water Balcony agate: Naturally -produced agate, hollow and "water bile" is called "water bile agate". It is a precious jade material.

c) Fire agate: in the ring with The flashed luster of the flashes, so it is called "fire agate".

d) East Red Agate: Red agate made in Japan.

) green chalcedony: the color is pink and green, without a loop strip.

f) Red chalcedony: color is red, no loop strip.

g) Bishi: The color is red, yellow brown, gray -green and other colors. It is a chalcedony with impure components.

Mihua jade

Puned in Ruyang County, Henan, also known as "Ruzhou Yu". After grinding, it presents a beautiful plum pattern or other patterns, hence the name. The jade is dense, the background color is black, brown red, and gray -green. It is better to use black background. Essence

Qinghai jade

produced in Qinghai, hence the name. The appearance is beautiful, and the color is white or light gray bottom with green markings. The jade is more delicate and transparent. Because its appearance is similar to the jadeite, some illegal merchants use it to pretend to be emerald jade.

D greening stone

is a sodium and calcium aluminum silicate mineral. The color is dark blue, sky blue or purple blue, the jade is opaque, with glass luster, and the hardness is 5-6. Due to the solemn color of the green stone, it is often made into a Buddha statue, Buddha beads, snuff bottle, bottle care, and jewelry on the clock shell. The green stones are the top grade with fresh blue, pure quality and a small amount of pyrite Venus.

Frhogest

Frhhhhhhhhhhh also is also known as "Rose quartz", "Rose quartz", and "Xiangnan Yu". Body, with glass luster or oil luster, hardness is 7. China's hibiscus stones are produced in Xinjiang, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia and other places, and high -quality hibiscus stones are produced in Brazil. Furong Stone is mainly used for carving necklaces, chicken hearts, and small ornaments. The color of the hibiscus is better. The deeper the peach red, the better, the value of the nearly white peach red is very low.

Mlay jade

Puned in Malaysia. It is a quartz rock dyed with green dyes with glass luster and hardness 7. The appearance is green and the transparency is high. Malaysia is rich in raw materials and low value, and is suitable for making some low -end accessories.

Dongling Stone

In in India, it is a green -containing chromium cloud -based lone Yingyan, which is slightly transparent -translucent. The green scales scattered like stars in jade are very beautiful. The high -quality varieties in quartz rock jade are mainly used to make beaded necklaces and other accessories.

The dense jade

In it in Mi County, Henan Province, hence the name. Also known as Henan jade. Transparent, white color -light green, mostly made of jade material through dyeing, mainly apple green and orange -red. It is better to make jewelry or ornaments, which are low -grade jade.

Guicui

produced in Guizhou, hence the name. Also known as Guizhou jade. The color is pale green, with glass luster, but not pure, impurities, like inferior emeralds, which are low -grade jade materials.

Jingbai Jade

Puned in the suburbs of Beijing, hence the name. The texture is delicate, pure white, light and oily, and the jade carving products made by it are crystal clear, which is a popular jade species.

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because of its appearance like wood, hence the name. Jade is dense. Hardness 7. There are yellow, yellow -brown, brown purple, blue, blue -green, blue and gray, etc. Among them, yellow and cat eye effects are called eagle eyes, and brown and blue are called zebra tiger eyes. Essence High -quality eagle eye stones, blue beauty, mainly used to make bracelets, ring noodles, etc. Tiger eyes with cat eye effects are mainly used to make bracelet beads and necklace beads. There are also egg -shaped noodles made of large -grained raw materials, but because of cat eye rigid, the value is not high.

It Lantian Jade

Puned in Lantian, hence the name. Lantian jade was one of the main famous jade in ancient times. Lantian jade has a delicate texture, with a hardness of about 4, and the processing performance is good. The main colors are beige and apple green. It is used to make jade pillows, fitness balls, tea wine utensils, etc. It is a popular low -grade jade material.

Lingyu jade

Puk in Lingyu County, Anhui, hence the name. It is one of the traditional jade in Chinese history. There are many varieties. The hardness is 3-4, and the hardness is low. After the processing is brightened, it is smooth, suitable for making crafts such as flowers, characters and animals.

The white cloud jade

Puned in Baiyun Ebo, Inner Mongolia, hence the name; also known as Baiyun Epoyu; The texture is delicate and the processing performance is good. The high -quality Baiyunyu flashes the gorgeous "golden thread" or "Venus" effect in the gray -green inside, which is suitable for the production of artifacts such as puppets and pen frames and other crafts.

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Puned in Hefeng County, Hubei Province, also known as "Guanshi". The texture is delicate, the pattern is beautiful after processing, the pattern is clear, there are round, conical, long strips, etc., the color is green, milk white, and red red, etc. It is made into crafts and has high artistic value.

The malachite

This is the name of the emerald green of the peacock tail. Glass luster and slightly transparent. It is a low -grade jade material, and its quality is superior. However, there are also very bright colors and peculiar structures.

Wu Lancui

Puk in Wulan County, Qinghai, because of its green green, hence the name. The color is green, dark green, and emerald green. Ulancui with thick green and green spots with white background is high. Hardness is 6-7, with oil luster, slightly translucent. It is often used for processing into jade bracelets, ring noodles, jade cabbage and other small accessories. Due to poor luster and poor processing performance, it belongs to low -end jade materials.

[category of jade]

Ritual jade

Ritual jade was a jade used in religious sacrifice and national ceremony in ancient times. According to "Zhou Li", Li Yu has six types: 、, 琮, Gui, 璋, 璜, and Hu.

① Jade

The jade is a flat -rounded jade in the center. When the ancients were sacrificed, they believed that this kind of utensils could communicate with the ancestors. In addition to sacrifice, it can also be used for decoration, auspiciousness, and burial. Yuyu appeared in the Neolithic era, represented by Liangzhu culture. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were quite exquisite. The jade carving of the Han Dynasty became more and more fine, and jade funerals were often unearthed in the Han tomb.

② Jade

The jade jade is a cylindrical tube -shaped jade inner circle. The square and the heavens in the square are from the ancient universe view of the Tianyuan place. It is made into the god of the earth to worship the earth god. In addition, it is also used for auspiciousness and burial. Jade 器 appeared in the Neolithic era. It was the most developed in Liangzhu culture. Some of them also engraved with animal cotton ornaments. After the Han Dynasty, the jade jade was short -column -shaped in the inner circle, without decoration, and the use has become decorative and funeral utensils. Song to Ming and Qing dynasties, a large number of antique jade jade appeared, and became a decoration or furnishing jade.

③ Yu Gui

Yugui is a triangle or flat, as a rectangular jade. In ancient times, Yu Gui was used to sacrifice the position of the position, and it was also used to distinguish the functions of levels and symbols. During the Warring States Period, Yu Gui and Yuzhang were the most popular, and then they were produced from Song Zhi to Ming and Qing Dynasties.

④ Yuzhang

It jade is a flat -looking square utensil, one end diagonal blade, half -sized at the side. Yuzhang began to see Longshan culture and prevailed in Shang and Zhou dynasties. Like Gui, it was aware of the level of Li Chao, and it became rare after the spring and autumn.

⑤ jade

It jade is a kind of arc -shaped jade. The Han system is called "half jade jade", but the commonly unearthed jade mule is only one -third of the size, and there are small holes at both ends of the curved arc. It is often used by the tomb owner and may be used for wearing. "The name.

⑥ jade alms

jade is a jade carved with tiger or tiger pattern.

The burial jade

The jade is a jade ware specially dedicated to burial. Buried jade refers to the burial jade articles specifically made to protect the corpse, mainly in jade, jade, jade, and Jiuqiao Jade.

① Jade

It jade clothing is also called "jade box" and "jade", that is, the corpse cover made of jade slices with metal wire, legend Save the corpse is not rotten, it can be divided into golden jade clothing, silver jade clothing, and copper jade clothing.

② Jade

The jade 琀 is also called "Yu Yu", which is a funeral jade contained in the dead. There are different forms of jade crickets. Shang Zhou Yuyu has jade cicada, jade silkworm, jade fish, jade tube, etc. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, jade pigs, jade dogs, jade cattle, jade fish, etc. Most can be used as a mouth. After the Han Dynasty, a large number of jade cicadas was used as a cricket. In the early Ming Dynasty, it was seen that there were small puppets filled with small crickets.

③ jade grip

, also known as "holding jade", which is the burial jade held in the hands of the deceased. The common jade grip in the Han Dynasty is a pig -shaped, that is, the "yuku", and other jade -shaped jade wares are sometimes used for jade grip.

④ Jiuqiao jade plug

refers to the nine -chip jade plug of the deceased, including both ears, double eyes, double nostrils, one mouth, front yin, posterior yin, etc. The purpose of the purpose, the purpose It is to protect the corpse to prevent exquisite qi.

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Peiyu refers to the various jade wares worn on the body. It is characterized by small individuals and most of the pores that can be worn. There are many types of Pei Jade, such as jade, jade bracelets, jade gangsters, jade cards, jade band hooks, etc. Some of them are wearing them, and some hang them separately.

jade

is the human earrings, which looks like Xiaoyuya, but there is a lack of mouth. In the Neolithic Age, the jade puppets are multi -photogen without patterns. More, the shape is small, and the outer diameter is between 2-5 cm. After the Warring States Period, Yuyu is no longer popular.

jade bracelets

jade bracelets have been one of the most basic wrist ornaments since ancient times. The square is round, and the jade bracelet was flat and round in the spring and autumn. The Tang Dynasty had gold jade bracelets. Lianzhu pattern, rope pattern, bamboo pattern, etc.

jade

is a micro -tune cone, initially it is carried with you. The tools used to solve the tool later became a jewelry, indicating the symbol of adults. From the Shinshi era to the Han Dynasty, it has endlessly, but it has no longer seen after the Han Dynasty.

jade

jade vulgar is called "pull finger", cylindrical, can be covered with thumb, the utensils of hook string at the beginning of the archery, and then specially wearing. In the early days, it was seen in the Shang Dynasty, and gradually became a jewelry in the Han Dynasty, and lost a practical function. In the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the shape of the man in the Qing Dynasty was slightly different, and the decoration was very different.

Yugang

, also known as Yu Yanyu, cubes, there are holes in the middle, wearing ropes, wearing auspicious sentences, to drive away evil spirits, it is ancient amulet. The Han Dynasty was popular, generally about 2 cm long and about 1 cm wide. Later generations had imitation, but the style of the Han Dynasty was very different.

The jade belt board

The jade belt is a belt with several or even ten flat jade board inlaid, which is a sign of ancient official taste. The jade belt is square, rectangular, peach -shaped, etc. The jade belts that are often carved on the surface are seen in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. They have been used to the Ming Dynasty and abolished the jade belt system in the Qing Dynasty.

jade card

is square or rectangular, shallow relief or hollowed out of various patterns and texts, with holes to wear ropes. The jade cards were very popular in the Ming Dynasty. There were many imitation works in the Qing Dynasty, and there were also false works of "Zigang".

jade band hooks

jade band hooks are utensils used to hook the belt. Generally consisting of three parts: hook head, hook body, and hook button. The hook button plays a fixed effect. There are many shapes, including dragon heads, duck heads, horses, etc., and the body has pipa -shaped, 螭 shape, etc. The luxurious people are inlaid with various gems, and they have boutique in the past.

Yulong

The image of Yulong has evolved over the times. The Yulong of the Shinki Age Hongshan Culture, the body is "C" shape, concise and beautiful, very distinctive. Since then, Yulong has appeared colorful. It has its own distinctive characteristics.

Jade animals

The jade animals are used in real animals in nature. Both round sculptures or sheets are available. Jade animals are generally used as a weip, and some can be used as furnishings. Jade animals are mainly jade tigers, jade elephants, jade bears, jade horses, jade deer, jade cattle, jade pigs, jade eagles, jade fish, jade turtles, etc. The most common jade in the past.

Itie people

The jade people are a work that directly reflects the image of human beings. In addition to Pei, large -scale can be used as furnishings, which has the functions of sacrifice and evil spirits. In the Neolithic era, the jade man has appeared with obvious naiveity. After the Shang Dynasty, the image of the jade people was diverse. Each era has different image characteristics.

The jade sword decoration

It jade sword decorations are used for the decorative jade parts on the sword. The jade sword grid is between. The jade sword prevailed in the Spring and Autumn Period to the Qin and Han dynasties.

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The jade crickets are generally cone -shaped, consisting of two parts: 簪 head and handle. In ancient men and women used it to sort the hair and make the crown on the hair.

It other jade

The in addition to the ceremonial jade articles that are pre -Qin, such as jade ax, jade, jade, jade, jade knife, etc. Increase authority and maintain the dignity of the ruler. There are also practical jade articles, such as jade cups, jade bowls, jade seals, jade articles, etc.

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